Learn all about the Passive Voice of Infinitives (Passive voice- Part 4) and their usage in sentences.
Passive Infinitive: A passive infinitive is an Infinitive in the passive voice. It focuses on the receiver of the action (infinitive). An Infinitive functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb. When the passive of a finite verb cannot be formed then the passive of a non-finite verb (infinitive) is formed.
Passive infinitive has much importance in the English language and English becomes very handy if we know these passive infinitives. In this article, we provide an explanation for all approximately the exclusive varieties of infinitives and the way to use them.
Passive Infinitive- to be+ past participle(v3)
Types of Infinitives-
An Infinitive has 4 forms in English
1. Simple Infinitive-to+v1
Passive infinitive- to+be+v3
2. Continuous Infinitive- to+be+V1+ing
3. Perfect Infinitive- to+have+v3
Passive infinitive- to have been+ v3
4. Perfect Continuous Infinitive- to+have+been+V1+ing
इन चारों में से Infinitive सिर्फ दो का ही बनाया जा सकता है|
Passive Voice of Simple Infinitive
Structure No. 1
Active voice – Subject+ is/am/are/was/were+to+v1+object.
Passive voice – Subject+ is/am/are/was/were+to+be+V3+by+agent
Examples-
1. AV: I am to assist him.
PV: He is to be assisted by me.
2. AV: We are to help him.
PV: He is to be helped by us.
3. AV: We were to buy a motor bike.
PV: A motor bike was to be bought by us.
4. AV: We were to stop the bus.
PV: The bus was to be stopped by us.
5. AV: Meenu was to sell her car.
PV: Her car was to be sold by Meenu.
6. AV: They are to buy a car.
PV: A car is to be bought by them.
Structure No. 2
Active voice – Subject+ has/have/had+to+v1+object
Passive voice – Subject+ has/have/had+to+be+V3+by+agent.
Examples-
1. AV: She has to wash her clothes daily.
PV: Her clothes have to be washed by her daily.
2. AV: Ruchi does not have to clean her office daily.
PV: Her office does not have to be cleaned by Ruchi daily.
3. AV: She has to cut the wire.
PV: The wire has to be cut by her.
4. AV: I had to call you.
PV: You had to be called by me.
5. AV: Rahul had to complete this work.
PV: This work had to be completed by Rahul.
6. AV: You have to help me.
PV: I have to be helped by you.
Structure No. 3
AV: Sub.+ will have+ to+ V1+ obj.
PV: Obj.+ will have to be+ V3+ by+ agent.
Examples-
1. AV: She will have to sing a song.
PV: A song will have to be sung by her.
2. AV: You will have to write a book.
PV: A book will have to be written by you.
3. AV: They will have to do this work.
PV: This work will have to be done by them.
4. AV: She will have to teach you.
PV: You will have to be taught by her.
Structure No. 4
AV: It is time+to+V1+ object (noun/pronoun)
PV: It is time for + object (noun/pronoun)+to+be+V3
Examples :
1. AV: It is time to close the shop.
PV: It is time for the shop to be closed.
2. AV: It is time to take lunch.
PV: It is time for lunch to be taken.
3. AV: It is time to take tea.
PV: It is time for tea to be taken.
4. AV: It is time to stop the writing.
PV: It is time for the writing to be stopped.
5. AV: It was time to attend the meeting.
PV: It was time for the meeting to be attended.
Note- इन sentences में object last में दिया गया है जिसे infinitive से आगे ले जाने के लिए ‘for’ prep. से जोड़ा गया है।
जब infinitive के बाद कोई object ना दिया हो
AV: It is time+ to+ V1+ other words.
PV: It is time+ to be+ V3+ other words.
Example-
AV: It is time to play.
PV: It is time to be played.
Structure No. 5
AV: There + is/ am/ are/ was/ were+noun +to+v1
PV: There+ is/ am/ are/ was/ were+noun+to+ be+ v3
Examples:
1. AV: There are many matches to play.
PV: There are many matches to be played.
2. AV: There is a lot of work to do.
PV: There is a lot of work to be done.
3. AV: There is no money to spend.
PV: There is no money to be spent.
4. AV: There is no time to lose.
PV: There is no time to be lost.
5. AV: There are many problems to solve.
PV: There are many problems to be solved.
Note- 1. इन sentences में object infinitive से पहले लिखा होता है।
2. अगर object , infinitive से पहले लिखा हुआ हो तब सिर्फ infinitive का passive बना दिया जाता है।
3. जो sentences ‘There are’ से शुरू होते है उन sentences में infinitive दोनों रूपों में लिखा जा सकता है- Active voice में भी और Passive voice में भी और grammatically बिल्कुल सही होता है। भले ही active voice का कोई doer ना दे रखा हो। इन sentences में object, infinitive से पहले ही दिया होता है तब भी active infinitive और passive infinitive दोनों ही possible होते हैं।
Structure No. 6
AV: Sub.+ want/wish/desire/like/dislike/hate/love etc.+ noun+ to+ V1+noun/pronoun
PV: Sub.+ want/wish/desire/like/dislike/hate/love etc.+ to+be+ V3+(by+doer)
Examples:
AV: He likes people to respect him.
PV: He likes to be respected.
Note-he/him एक ही व्यक्ति को represent कर रहे हैं इसलिए He के बाद दुबारा किसी object को नहीं लिखा जाएगा।
2. People/someone/no one आदि को by preposition का object नहीं बनाया जाता है।
अगर people के बजाय किसी specific आदमी का नाम लिखा हो तो उसे mention किया जाएगा अर्थात by preposition का object बनाया जाएगा।
AV: He likes Mohan to respect him.
PV: He likes to be respected by Mohan.
AV: Women like men to flatter them.
PV: Women like to be flattered by men.
Note- ‘them’ women को ही represent कर रहा है इसलिए women को ही subject बनाया गया है। Women men को like नहीं करती बल्कि men के द्वारा उनकी चापलूसी किया जाना पसंद करती हैं।
men to flatter them- object
इस sentence में verb (like) के बाद एक noun (men) दिया गया है और उसके बाद Infinitive इसलिए यहां infinitive का passive बनाया गया है।
AV: I want students to solve this question.
PV: I want this question to be solved by students.
Note- इस sentence में I तथा this question अलग-अलग है इसलिए ‘this question’ को ‘want’ verb के बाद लिखा गया है।
Structure No. 7
AV: Sub.+ decide/ expect+ to + V1+object.
PV: It was decided/expected+ by+ doer+ infinitive
Example-
AV: India is expected to win the World Cup.
PV: The World Cup was expected to be won by India. ×××
Note- यह passive voice ग़लत है क्योंकि इसमें sentence का meaning change हो रहा है। World Cup expect नहीं कर रहा था बल्कि India expect कर रहा था।
PV: It was expected by India to win the world cup. ✓✓✓
( भारत के द्वारा वर्ल्ड कप को जीतने की आशा की जाती थी।)
Note- अगर active voice में decide या expect जैसी verb के बाद कोई noun/pronoun नहीं हो बल्कि infinitive या infinitive phrase को object के रूप में दिया गया हो तो passive बनाते वक्त sentence It से शुरू किया जाएगा तथा decide/ expect verbs का passive किया जाएगा। उसके बाद by+doer लिखा जाएगा। उसके बाद Infinitive या infinitive phrase को ज्यों का त्यों लिख दिया जाएगा।
AV: We hoped to welcome him.
PV: It was hoped by us to welcome him.
Note- इस sentence में भी infinitive का passive नहीं बनाया जाएगा बल्कि main verb का passive बनाया जाएगा क्योंकि main verb के बाद कोई भी noun या pronoun नहीं दिया गया है।
AV: I have decided to teach students online.
PV: It has been decided by me to teach students online.
When the Object is given
AV: One cannot expect children to understand these problems.
(कोई आशा नहीं कर सकता कि बच्चे इन समस्याओं को समझ पाएंगे।)
PV: Children cannot be expected to understand these problems.
Note-इस sentence में expect के बाद object दिया गया है जो कि to understand (infinitive) का sub. है इस दशा में भी infinitive से पहले वाले part का passive किया जाएगा। ‘to understand ‘(infinitive) का passive नहीं किया जाएगा क्योंकि infinitive का subject (children) को infinitive से पहले ही sentence में रख दिया गया है। अगर infinitive का doer sentence के शुरू में ही रख दिया जाता है तो Infinitive को active form में ही रहने देते है।
Structure No. 8
AV: Sub.+ is/am/are/was/were+ supposed+ to+ V1+object.
PV: Sub.+ is/am/are/was/were+ supposed+ to+ be+ V3+ by+ agent.
Example-
AV: The students are not supposed to disobey their teachers.
( विधार्थियों से उनके अध्यापकों की अवज्ञा करने की उम्मीद (आशा) नहीं की जाती है।)
PV: Their teachers are not supposed to be disobeyed by the students.
Note- जिन sentences में supposed to का प्रयोग किया जाता हैं उन sentences का passive बनाते वक्त infinitive के object को subject बना दिया जाता है। उसके बाद verb ज्यों की त्यों रख दी जाती है। उसके बाद infinitive का passive बनाया जाता है (to+be+V3) उसके बाद sub. (agent) को by preposition का object बना दिया जाता है।
Structure No. 9
1. AV: I am going to buy a new car tomorrow.
PV: A new car is going to be bought by me tomorrow.
Note- ‘ is going’ का passive नहीं किया जाएगा बल्कि infinitive का passive किया जाएगा।
2. AV: Nobody is going to steal your books from this room.
PV: Your books aren’t going to be stolen from this room.
3. AV: I am going to teach you.
PV: You are going to be taught by me.
4. AV: They were going to start a business.
PV: A business was going to be started by them.
5. AV: She is going to invite us.
PV: We are going to be invited by her.
Some Other Examples-
1. AV: He needs to complete his homework.
PV: His homework needs to be completed by him.
2. AV: I need to help him.
PV: He needs to be helped by me.
Note- Passive Voice में Tense कभी भी change नहीं होता।
3. AV: The lamb is ready to eat.
PV: The lamb is ready to be eaten.
4. AV: It is necessary to read this book.
PV: It is necessary for this book to be read.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding and using the passive voice effectively, especially with infinitives, is a key skill in English. This article(Passive Voice- Part 4) has provided a comprehensive examination of the passive voice of infinitives.
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