Tense को हिंदी में काल, Past tense को भूतकाल तथा Past Perfect Tense को पूर्ण भूतकाल कहा जाता है।आज के इस Article में पूर्ण भूतकाल (Past Perfect Tense In Hindi) की पूरी जानकारी विस्तार से दी गई है जैसे कि इसके क्या-क्या Basic Points है और इस Tense का प्रयोग कब और किस प्रकार किया जाता है और साथ ही साथ हर Types ( Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, Wh word sentences) के ढ़ेर सारे Examples दिए गए है ताकि आप को समझने में आसानी हो और आपके सारे Doubts अच्छे से clear हो सके।
Past Perfect Tense In Hindi– Past Perfect Tense को हिंदी में पूर्ण भूतकाल कहा जाता है तथा इस Tense की क्रिया से यह बोध होता है कि कोई क्रिया भूतकाल के किसी (निश्चित) समय से पहले अथवा उस समय तक पूरी हो गई थी अथवा इस Tense का प्रयोग उस अवस्था में किया जाता है जब भूतकाल में दो कार्य हुएं हों और एक कार्य दूसरे कार्य के पहले पूर्ण रूप से समाप्त हो गया हो। इस दशा में जो कार्य पहले समाप्त हुआ है उसका अनुवाद Past Perfect Tense में किया जाता है तथा जो कार्य बाद में समाप्त हुआ है उसका अनुवाद Past Indefinite Tense में किया जाता है। जैसे –
1. जब राम स्टेशन पर पहुंचा तो गाड़ी जा चुकी थी।
The train had left when Ram reached the station.
2. घंटी बजने के पहले मैं विधालय पहुंच चुका था।
I had reached school before the bell rang.
पहले वाक्य से यह पता चलता है कि एक कार्य दूसरा कार्य होने से पहले समाप्त हो चुका था। पहले वाक्य में गाड़ी के निकलने का काम पहले हुआ और राम के स्टेशन पहुंचने का काम बाद में। इसी प्रकार दूसरे वाक्य में विधालय पहुंचने काम पहले हुआ औ है घंटी बजने का काम बाद में।
Past Perfect Tense की पहचान– Past Perfect Tense के हिंदी वाक्यों की क्रियाओं के अंत में चुका था, चुकी थी, चुके थे, या था, ई थी, ये थे आदि शब्द आते हैं।
जैसे- मेरी बहन मेरे घर पहुंचने से पहले केक खा चुकी थी।
My sister had eaten the cake before I arrived home.
डॉक्टर के आने से पहले मरीज़ दवा खा चुका था।
The patient had taken the medicine before the doctor came.
अध्यापक के आने से पहले बच्चे क्लास में जा चुके थे।
The children had gone to class before the teacher arrived.
Past Perfect Tense में प्रयोग होने वाली Helping verb तथा Main verb
Helping Verb ( सहायक क्रिया)– इस Tense में Helping Verb के रूप में केवल ‘Had’ का ही प्रयोग होता है।
Note- सभी Subjects के साथ Helping Verb के रूप में केवल ‘Had’ का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Main Verb ( मुख्य क्रिया)– इस Tense में main verb के रूप में verb की केवल Third Form (V3) का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Note- 1. अगर भूतकाल में किए गए किसी एक ही कार्य का वर्णन हो तो उस दशा में Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है क्योंकि Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग कभी भी भूतकाल की एक घटना या कार्य को बताने के लिए ‘ नहीं ‘ किया जाता है। इस Tense का प्रयोग हमेशा दो कार्यों या फिर दो घटनाओं को बताने के लिए किया जाता है।
2. कई बार वाक्य में भूतकाल की एक ही क्रिया दी गई होती है तथा उसे Past Perfect Tense में Translate किया जाता है। ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्योंकि इस दशा में दूसरी क्रिया छुपी हुई होती है अर्थात् understood होती है।
3. यदि किसी वाक्य में किसी शब्द विशेष जैसे कि पहले ही(already), बहुत पहले ही( much earlier), इसके पूर्व( before), तक(till), तब तक (by then) आदि का प्रयोग कर लिया जाता है तो उस वाक्य में एक क्रिया होने पर भी उसे Past Perfect Tense में बनाया जाता है क्योंकि जब इन शब्दों का प्रयोग कर लिया जाता है तभी वाक्य का भाव स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि भूतकाल में वह कार्य, किसी दूसरे कार्य के शुरू होने से पहले ही पूर्ण रूप से समाप्त हो चुका था। यदि इन शब्दों का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता तब ऐसा भाव स्पष्ट नहीं हो पाता है।
Types of Past Perfect Tense In Hindi
अन्य सभी Tenses की तरह Past Perfect Tense के वाक्यों को भी चार भागों में बांटा जा सकता है, जो कि इस प्रकार है:
(A) Affirmative Sentences
(B) Negative Sentences
(C) Interrogative Sentences
(D) Negative Interrogative sentences
(A) Affirmative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
1. यदि वाक्य में ‘ पूर्व’ या ‘पहले’ शब्द आया हो तो-
Past Perfect Tense+ before+ Simple Past Tense
( Subject+ had+ V3+object+ other words+ before+ subject+ V2+ object+ other words)
Examples-
1. मेरे घर पहुँचने से पहले बच्चे चले गए थे।
The children had gone before I reached home.
2. उसके बोलने से पहले मैं समझ चुका था।
I had understood before he spoke.
3. तुम्हारे पत्र लिखने से पहले वह आ चुका था।
He had come before you wrote a letter.
4. मेरे जाने से पहले वो सो चुका था।
He had slept before I went.
5. उसके आने से पहले मैंने अपना काम समाप्त कर लिया था।
I had finished my work before he came.
6. घंटी बजने के पहले मैं स्कूल पहुँच गया था।
I had reached school before the bell rang.
7. ट्रेन आने से पहले मैं स्टेशन पहुँच चुका था।
I had reached the station before the train arrived.
8. आंधी आने से पहले बरसात हो चुकी थी।
It had rained before the storm came.
9. तुम्हारे पूछने से पहले मैं उससे सब कुछ पूछ चुका था।
I had asked him everything before you asked.
10. मौसी के आने से पहले मैं अपनी मां के साथ खरीददारी करने गया था।
I had gone shopping with my mother before my aunt came.
11. मेरे पिताजी के दौरे से आने से पहले मैं स्कूल जा चुका था।
I had gone to school before my father came from his tour.
12. अध्यापक परीक्षा आरंभ होने से पहले कोर्स समाप्त कर चुके थे।
The teacher had finished the course before the examination began.
2. यदि वाक्य में ‘बाद’ या ‘ पश्चात ‘ शब्द आया हो तो –
Simple Past Tense+ after+ Past Perfect Tense
(Subject+ V2+ object+ other words+ after+ subject+ had+ V3+ object+ other words)
Examples-
1. तुम्हारे आने के बाद मैं वहाँ से गया।
I went from there after you had come.
2. मेरे सोने के बाद उसने टीवी देखा।
He watched T. V after I had slept.
3. घंटी बजने के बाद वह स्कूल पहुँचा।
He reached school after the bell had rung.
4. आपके जाने के बाद उसने यह कहानी बतायी।
He told this story after you had left.
5. मेरे पूछने के बाद उसने मुझे जवाब दिया।
He answered me after I had asked.
6. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद उसने यह कमरा साफ किया।
He cleaned this room after you had gone.
7. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद मैंने उसे देखा।
I saw him after you had gone.
8. आंधी आने के बाद बरसात हुई।
It rained after the storm had come.
9. नेता जी के भाषन देने के बाद लोग चले गए।
People went after the leader had delivered the speech.
10. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद माताजी ने खाना पकाया।
Mother cooked the food after you had gone.
11. उसके यहाँ पहुँचने के बाद पिता जी दिल्ली चले गए।
Father went to Delhi after he had reached here.
12. मेरे पिताजी के जाने के बाद मैंने अखबार पढ़ा।
I read the newspaper after my father had gone.
3. Other Examples of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
1. मैं घर पहुँचा परन्तु बच्चे सो चुके थे।
I reached home but the children had slept.
2. श्याम वहाँ पहुँचा परंतु वो पहले ही जा चुकी थी।
Shyam reached there but she had already gone.
3. जब तक हम वहाँ पहुँचे, वह केक काट चुका था।
By the time we got there, he had cut the cake.
4. जब तक शो शुरू हुआ, सभी मित्र पहुँच चुके थे।
By the time the show began, all friends had arrived.
5. रीना उदास हो गई क्योंकि उसके भाई ने उसका मोबाईल तोड़ दिया था।
Reena got sad because his brother had broken her mobile.
6. जब हम पहुँचे, ट्रेन निकल चुकी थी।
when we arrived, the train had left.
7. मैने उनसे पूछा कि उन्होंने अपना काम खत्म क्यों नहीं किया था।
I asked them why they had not completed their work.
8. वह नौ बजे से पहले ही सो गया था।
He had fallen asleep before 9 o’clock.
9. हमें होटल में कमरा मिल गया क्योंकि हमने पहले से ही बुक कर लिया था।
We got a room in the hotel because we had booked in advance.
10. जब मैं वहां पहुंचा, वह जा चुका था।
When I reached there, he had gone.
11. जबतक मुख्य अतिथि पहुंचे, संगीत समारोह पहले ही शुरू हो चुका था।
The concert had already started by the time the chief guest arrived.
12. सोनू ने अपना होमवर्क पूरा किया ही था जब उसके मित्रों ने उसे बाहर खेलने के लिए बुलाया।
Sonu had just completed his homework when his friends called him out to play.
13. हमने वार्षिक दिवस समारोह के लिए अपना नृत्य अभ्यास 3 बजे तक पूरा कर लिया था।
We had finished our dance practice for the Annual Day celebration by 3 o’ clock.
14. जब तुमने मुझे कॉल किया, मैं खाना खा चुका था।
I had eaten my dinner when you called me.
15. मुझे आशा थी कि मैं प्रतियोगिता में पहला इनाम जीतूंगा।
I had hoped that I would get the first prize in the competition.
16. तब तक वह वहां से चला गया था।
He had gone from there by then.
17. मैंने फिल्म पहले ही देख ली थी।
I had already seen the movie.
18. वह बहुत पहले ही वहां पहुंच गयी थी।
She had reached there much earlier.
19. मैं इससे पहले आगरा कभी नहीं गया था।
I had never been to Agra before.
20. वे तब तक भाग चुके थे।
They had run away by then.
21. सात बजे तक वह अपना जन्मदिन मना चुका था।
By 7 o’clock, he had celebrated his birthday.
22. वह शाम तक अपना पाठ याद कर चुका था।
He had learnt his lesson by evening.
23. उसने शतरंज पहले कभी नहीं खेला था।
He had never played chess before.
24. उसे आजतक तुम्हारी कोई ख़बर नहीं मिली थी।
He had not received any news of you till date.
25. मैं बचपन से तैरना जानता था।
I had known how to swim since childhood.
26. वह अपने घर से निकला ही था कि बारिश शुरू हो गयी।
He had hardly left his house when it started raining.
27. जब तक मैं घर पहुंचा, वह बेहोश हो चुकी थी।
She had got unconscious by the time I got home.
28. मैंने 7 बजे से पहले दवाई खा ली थी
I had taken the medicine before 7 o’clock.
(B) Negative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Structure:
Subject+ had+ not+ verb 3 + object+ other words.
Examples-
1. मैंने यह घर पहले नहीं देखा था।
I had not seen this house before.
2. मुझे कल तक आपका पत्र नहीं मिला था।
I had not received your letter till yesterday.
यदि नकारात्मक वाक्य में पहले या पूर्व शब्द आए तो निम्नलिखित structure के अनुसार वाक्य का अनुवाद करते हैं-
(Subject+ had+ not+ verb 3+object+ other words+ before+subject+ verb 2+ object+ other words.)
OR
Before+Subject+V2+other words, subject+had+not+V3+other words.
Examples-
1. मेरे घर पहुंचने से पहले बच्चे नहीं गए थे।
The children had not gone before I reached home.
2. उसके बोलने से पहले मैं नहीं समझा था।
I had not understood before he spoke.
3. तुम्हारे पत्र लिखने से पहले वह नहीं आया था।
He had not come before you wrote a letter.
4. मेरे जाने से पहले वो नहीं सोया था।
He had not slept before I went.
5. उसके आने से पहले मैंने अपना काम समाप्त नहीं किया था।
I had not finished my work before he came.
6. घंटी बजने के पहले मैं स्कूल नहीं पहुंचा था।
I had not reached school before the bell rang.
7. ट्रेन आने से पहले मैं स्टेशन नहीं पहुंचा था।
I had not reached the station before the train arrived.
8. आंधी आने से पहले बरसात नहीं हुई थी।
It had not rained before the storm came.
9. तुम्हारे पूछने से पहले मैंने उससे नहीं पूछा था।
I had not asked him before you asked.
10. मौसी के आने से पहले मैं अपनी मां के साथ खरीददारी करने नहीं गया था।
I had not gone shopping with my mother before my aunt came.
11. मेरे पिताजी के दौरे से आने से पहले मैं स्कूल नहीं गया था।
I had not gone to school before my father came from his tour.
12. अध्यापक ने परीक्षा आरंभ होने से पहले कोर्स समाप्त नहीं किया था।
The teacher had finished the course before the examination began.
यदि नकारात्मक वाक्य में बाद या पश्चात वाले शब्द आए तो निम्नलिखित structure के अनुसार वाक्य का अनुवाद करते हैं-
Subject+ did+not+v1+object+ other words+ after+ subject+ had + verb 3+object+ other words.
OR
After+ subject+ had+ V3+ object+ other words, Subject+ did+not+v1+ object+other words.
Note-जैसा कि हम जानते हैं Past Perfect Tense के अंतर्गत भूतकाल में दो कार्यों का होना पाया जाता है जिसमें कि एक कार्य दूसरे कार्य के पहले समाप्त हो चुका होता है।पहले समाप्त हुए कार्य के लिए Past Perfect तथा बाद में समाप्त होने वाले कार्य के लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है। किसी Sentence में जब ‘After’ (as a conjunction) प्रयोग किया जाता है तब सामान्यतः Past Indefinite वाले भाग को ही negative Sentence में बनाया जाता है, Past Perfect वाले भाग को नहीं।
Examples-
1. तुम्हारे आने के बाद मैं नहीं गया।
I did not go after you had come.
2. मेरे सोने के बाद उसने टीवी नहीं देखा।
He did not watch T. V after I had slept.
3. घंटी बजने के बाद वह स्कूल नहीं पहुँचा।
He didn’t reach school after the bell had rung.
4. आपके जाने के बाद उसने कोई कहानी नहीं बतायी।
He did not tell any story after you had left.
5. मेरे पूछने के बाद उसने मुझे जवाब नहीं दिया।
He didn’t answer me after I had asked.
6. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद उसने यह कमरा साफ नहीं किया।
He didn’t clean this room after you had gone.
7. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद मैंने उसे नहीं देखा।
I didn’t see him after you had gone.
8. आंधी आने के बाद बरसात नहीं हुई।
It did not rain after the storm had come.
9. नेता जी के भाषण देने के बाद लोग नहीं गए।
People didn’t go after the leader had delivered the speech.
10. तुम्हारे जाने के बाद माताजी ने खाना नहीं पकाया।
Mother did not cook the food after you had gone.
11. उसके यहाँ पहुँचने के बाद पिता जी दिल्ली नहीं गए।
Father did not go to Delhi after he had reached here.
12. मेरे पिताजी के जाने के बाद मैंने अखबार नहीं पढ़ा।
I did not read the newspaper after my father had gone.
3. Other Examples of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
1. वह नौ बजे से पहले नहीं सोया था।
He had not fallen asleep before 9 o’clock.
2. उसने मुझे किसी भी तरह की सहायता का आश्वासन नहीं दिया था।
He had not assured me for any short of help.
3. जब तुमने मुझे कॉल किया, मैंने खाना नहीं खाया था।
I had not eaten my dinner when you called me.
4. मुझे आशा थी कि मैं प्रतियोगिता में पहला इनाम जीतूंगा।
I had not hoped that I would get the first prize in the competition.
5. तब तक वह वहां से नहीं गया था।
He had not gone from there by then.
6. मैं इससे पहले आगरा कभी नहीं गया था।
I had never been to Agra before.
7. वे तब तक भागे नहीं थे।
They had not run away by then.
8. सात बजे तक, उसने अपना जन्मदिन नहीं मनाया था।
By 7 o’clock, he had not celebrated his birthday.
9.. उसने शाम तक अपना पाठ याद नहीं किया था।
He had not learnt his lesson by evening.
10. हमने वार्षिक दिवस समारोह के लिए अपना नृत्य अभ्यास 3 बजे तक पूरा नहीं किया था।
We had not finished our dance practice for the Annual Day celebration by 3 o’ clock.
(C) Interrogative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Interrogative sentences दो तरह के होते हैं-
1. Yes-No type questions
2. Wh-words type interrogative sentences
1. Yes-No type questions of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
ये वो questions होते हैं जिनका जवाब हां या ना में दिया जा सकता हैं। इनकी शुरुआत helping verb से होती हैं।
Structure- Had+ subject+ verb 3+ object+ other words?
क्या वर्षा शुरू होने के पहले साहिल जा चुका था?
Had Sahil gone before the rain started?
क्या तुमने वहां से आने से पहले मुझसे झूठ बोला था?
Had you told a lie to me before you came from there?
क्या मेरे यहां पहुंचने से पहले तुम कहीं गए थे?
Had you gone anywhere before I reached here?
क्या पुलिस के आने से पहले चोर भाग गया था?
Had the thief run away before the police came?
क्या मेरे बोलने से पहले आयुष ने कुछ किया था?
Had Aayush done anything before I spoke?
क्या मेरे जाने के बाद तुमने बच्चों को पीटा था?
Did you beat the children after I had gone?
क्या मेरे घर पहुंचने से पहले बच्चों ने टीवी देखा था?
Had the children watched TV before I reached home?
क्या अध्यापक के आने से पहले बच्चे जा चुके थे?
Had the children gone before the teacher came?
क्या मेरे आने से पहले उसने मेरा इंतजार किया था?
Had he waited for me before I came?
क्या तुमने उसे सबक सिखाया था?
Had you taught him a lesson?
क्या तुमने फूल तोड़े थे?
Had you plucked flowers?
क्या वह उस सैलरी में काम करने के लिए वह सहमत हो गया था?
Had he agreed to work for that salary?
क्या फेरीवाला मोहल्ले से जा चुका था?
Had the hawker left the locality?
क्या वह अपने मित्र के साथ बाजार जा चुका था?
Had he gone to market with his friend?
क्या तुम उसे पहले से जानते थे?
Had you known him before?
क्या आप अपना चार्जर घर पर भूल गए थे?
Had you forgotten your charger at home?
2. Wh-words type interrogative sentences of Past Perfect in Hindi
जिन वाक्यों की शुरुआत helping verb से ना होकर wh family word से होती है, वो wh-words type interrogative sentences कहलाते हैं।
Structure- Question word+ had+ subject+ verb 3+object+ other words?
वर्षा शुरू होने के पहले साहिल कहां जा चुका था?
Where had Sahil gone before the rain started?
तुमने वहां से आने से पहले मुझसे झूठ क्यों बोला था?
Why had you told a lie to me before you came from there?
मेरे यहां पहुंचने से पहले तुम कहां गए थे?
Where had you gone before I reached here?
पुलिस के आने से पहले चोर कहां भाग गया था?
Where had the thief run away before the police came?
मेरे बोलने से पहले आयुष ने क्या किया था?
What had Aayush done before I spoke?
मेरे जाने के बाद तुमने बच्चों को क्यों पीटा था?
Why did you beat the children after I had gone?
मेरे घर पहुंचने से पहले बच्चों ने कितनी देर टीवी देखा था?
How much time had the children watched TV before I reached home?
अध्यापक के आने से पहले बच्चे कहां जा चुके थे?
Where had the children gone before the teacher came?
मेरे आने से पहले उसने मेरा इंतजार कैसे किया था?
How had he waited for me before I came?
तुम्हारे वहां पहुंचने से पहले, उसने कितनी शराब पी हुई थी?
How much had he drunk before you reached there?
अनोखी के स्कूल जाने के बाद घंटी कैसे बजी?
How did the bell ring after Anokhi had gone to school?
वह तुम्हारे मुम्बई जाने के बाद क्यों आया?
Why did he come after you had gone to Mumbai?
उस सैलरी में काम करने के लिए वह क्यों सहमत हो गया था?
Why had he agreed to work for that salary?
मेरे घर पहुंचने से पहले बच्चे कहां चले गए थे?
Where had the children gone before I reached home?
(D) Negative Interrogative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
ये भी दो प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Yes-No Type Negative Questions of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
इन वाक्यों में helping verb वाक्य के शुरू में आती है और ‘not’ subject के बाद।
Structure: Had+ sub.+not+verb 3+object+other words+?
क्या सोने से पहले उसने अपना होमवर्क पूरा नहीं किया था?
Had she not completed her homework before she slept?
क्या अध्यापक के आने से पहले उसने पत्र नहीं लिखा था?
Had he not written a letter before the teacher came?
क्या वर्षा आरम्भ होने से पहले लड़कियां अपने घर नहीं गयी थी?
Had the girls not gone to their houses before it started raining?
क्या तुमने सोने से पहले दूध नहीं पिया था?
Had you not taken milk before you slept?
क्या उसने ये फैसला लेने से पहले आपसे नहीं पूछा था?
Had he not asked you before he took this decision?
क्या उसने तुमसे बात नहीं की थी?
Had he not talked to you?
क्या नीतीश उस दिन पार्टी में नहीं गया था?
Had Nitish not gone to the party that day?
उसके घर पहुंचने के बाद तुमने खाना क्यों नहीं बनाया था?
Why did you not cook food after he had reached home?
क्या तुम्हारे आने से पहले उसने कंप्यूटर बंद नहीं किया था?
Had he not turned off the computer before you came?
क्या कम्प्यूटर के खराब होने से पहले तुमने अपने दस्तावेज सुरक्षित नहीं किए थे?
Had you not saved your documents before the computer crashed?
क्या आकाश से गाड़ी खरीदने से पहले तुमने सभी कागज़ात नहीं जांचें थे?
Had you not checked all the papers before you purchased the car from Aakash?
क्या उसने दरवाजा नहीं खोला था जब तुमने दरवाजा खटखटाया?
Had he not opened the door when you knocked?
क्या पिताजी के आने से पहले बच्चे नहीं सोये थे?
Hadn’t the kids fallen asleep before the father came?
क्या शाम तक वह घर वापस नहीं लौटा था?
Hadn’t he returned home by evening?
क्या तुम्हारे आने से पूर्व उसने फल नहीं खरीदे थे?
Hadn’t he bought the fruit before you came?
क्या उसने सूर्य डूबने से पहले पूजा नहीं की थी?
Had he not worshipped before the sunset?
2. Wh-word Type Negative Questions of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
इन वाक्यों की शुरुआत helping verb से नहीं बल्कि WH family word से होती है तथा subject के बाद ‘not’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Structure: Wh-word+ had+ sub.+not+ verb 3+ object+other words+?
सोने से पहले उसने अपना होमवर्क पूरा क्यों नहीं किया था?
Why had she not completed her homework before she slept?
अध्यापक के आने से पहले उसने पत्र क्यों नहीं लिखा था?
Why had he not written a letter before the teacher came?
वर्षा आरम्भ होने से पहले लड़कियां अपने घर क्यों नहीं गयी थी?
Why had the girls not gone to their houses before it started raining?
तुमने सोने से पहले दूध क्यों नहीं पिया था?
Why had you not taken milk before you slept?
उसने ये फैसला लेने से पहले आपसे क्यों नहीं पूछा था?
Why had he not asked you before he took this decision?
उसने तुमसे बात क्यों नहीं की थी?
Why had he not talked to you?
नीतीश उस दिन पार्टी में क्यों नहीं गया था?
Why had Nitish not gone to the party that day?
उसके घर पहुंचने के बाद तुमने खाना क्यों नहीं बनाया था?
Why did you not cook food after he had reached home?
तुम्हारे आने से पहले उसने कंप्यूटर बंद क्यों नहीं किया था?
Why had he not turned off the computer before you came?
कम्प्यूटर के खराब होने से पहले तुमने अपने दस्तावेज सुरक्षित क्यों नहीं किए थे?
Why had you not saved your documents before the computer crashed?
आकाश से गाड़ी खरीदने से पहले तुमने सभी कागज़ात क्यों नहीं जांचें थे?
Why had you not checked all the papers before you purchased the car from Aakash?
जब तुमने दरवाजा खटखटाया तब उसने दरवाजा क्यों नहीं खोला था?
Why had he not opened the door when you knocked?
पिताजी के आने से पहले बच्चे क्यों नहीं सोये थे?
Why hadn’t the kids fallen asleep before the father came?
शाम तक वह घर वापस क्यों नहीं लौटा था?
Why hadn’t he returned home by evening?
तुम्हारे आने से पूर्व उसने फल क्यों नहीं खरीदे थे?
Why hadn’t he bought the fruit before you came?
उसने सूर्य डूबने से पहले पूजा क्यों नहीं की थी?
Why had he not worshipped before the sunset?
Special Case- जब वाक्य में subject के बारे में ही पूछा जाता है यानि जब wh family member, subject को ही refer करें तो उस दशा में sentence structure affirmative sentence की ही तरह होता है।
Structure-
Interrogative: <WH-sub.>+ had+v3 + object+ other words?
Neg. Int. : <WH-sub.>+had+ not+ v3 + object+ other words?
Examples-
1. यहां कौन आया था?
Who had come here?
2. होमवर्क किसने पूरा नहीं किया था?
Who had not completed the homework?
3. कौन एक गीत गा चुका था?
Who had sung a song?
4. उसे यहां किसने बुलाया था?
Who had called him here?
5. उसके आने से पहले तुमसे मिलने कौन आया था?
Who had come to meet you before she came?
6.तुम्हारे आने से पहले दरवाजा किसने खटखटाया था?
Who had knocked at the door before you came?
Contraction with Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
जब हम Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग speaking में करते हैं तब हम अक्सर subject तथा auxiliary verb को contract करके बोलते हैं। कभी-कभी, अनौपचारिक लेखन में भी हम short form का प्रयोग करते हैं।
When we use the Past Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and the auxiliary verb. Sometimes, we also do it in informal writing.
Note- had not की short form ‘hadn’t’ का भी प्रयोग किया जाता है|
Uses of Past Perfect Tense In Hindi
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित कार्यों या घटनाओं के लिए किया जाता है-
1. The past perfect tense expresses an action that happened before by some point of time in the past or before another action in the past.
(पूर्ण भूतकाल किसी ऐसी क्रिया को व्यक्त करता है जो अतीत में किसी समय से पहले घटित हुई हो या अतीत में किसी अन्य क्रिया से पहले घटित हुई हो।)
Examples-
1. उसके निकलने से पहले हम डिनर कर चुके थे।
We had had our dinner before she left.
2. डॉक्टर के आने से पहले रोगी मर चुका था।
The patient had died before the doctor came.
3. वर्षा शुरू होने से पहले हार्दिक घर पहुंच चुका था।
Hardik had reached home before it started raining.
2. We use the past perfect tense with verbs such as expect, wish, think, mean, hope, suppose, want, etc., to show that a past hope, desire, or intention was not realized.
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग expect, wish, think,mean, hope, suppose,want इत्यादि क्रियाओं के साथ ये दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है कि भूतकाल की आशा, इच्छा या इरादा साकार नहीं हुआ था।
Examples-
काश मैंने प्रिंसिपल की सलाह सुनी होती।
I wish I had listened to the principal’s advice.
मेरे भाई को उम्मीद थी कि मैं उसे पैसे भेजूंगा।
My brother had hoped that I would send him money.
वह मेरी मदद करना चाहता था।
He had wanted to help me.
उसने परीक्षा पास करने की उम्मीद की थी।
She had expected to pass the exam.
काश मैंने ज्यादा मेहनत की होती।
I wish I had worked harder.
3. Past Perfect Tense is used for 3rd conditional sentences.
Third conditional sentences में काल्पनिक तथ्यों का वर्णन करने के लिए भी Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Formation:
If+ Past Perfect Tense, sub.+would have+verb 3
Examples:
यदि उसने मुझे आमंत्रित किया होता, मैं वहां जा चुका होता।
If she had invited me, I would have gone there.
यदि तुमने मेहनत की होती, तुम पास हो चुके होते।
If you had worked hard, you would have passed.
अगर मुझे उसका पता मिल गया होता, मैं उसे आमंत्रण भेजा चुका होता।
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
अगर मुझे पता होता कि तुम ठीक नहीं हो तो मैं रुक जाता।
If I had known you were not well, I would have stayed back
4. It is used with time expressions
इस tense का उपयोग समय अभिव्यक्ति के लिए भी किया जाता है। इसके लिए since, for, all, whole, how long इत्यादि शब्दों का प्रयोग कर लिया जाता है।
Examples-
मैं उसे दस साल से जानता था।
I had known him for ten years.
आप कब तक अकेले रहे थे?
How long had you lived alone?
वह बचपन से तेज था।
He had been intelligent since his childhood.
वह पांच दिन से बीमार था।
He had been ill for five days.
मैं एक महीने से वहां नहीं था।
I had not been there for a month.
5. Past Perfect Tense is used in reported speech after verbs like: said, told, asked, thought, wondered
Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग reported speech में said, told, asked, thought, wondered जैसी क्रियाओं के बाद किया जाता है।
Examples:
उसने हमें बताया कि ट्रेन निकल चुकी थी।
He told us that the train had left.
लड़कों ने कहा कि वे अपना काम ख़त्म कर चुके थे।
The boys said that they had finished their work.
उसने कहा कि वह पत्र लिख चुका था।
He said that he had written the letter.
मैंने उनसे पूछा कि उन्होंने अपना काम ख़त्म क्यों नहीं किया था|
I asked them why they had not finished their work.
Note- यदि भूतकाल में दो कार्य संपन्न हुए हो तथा वाक्य के संदर्भ से यह पता चले कि दूसरा कार्य पहले कार्य के तुंरत बाद हुआ यानि उन दोनों कार्यों के बीच इतना कम अंतराल हो कि यह पता ही ना चले कि एक कार्य के पूरी तरह से समाप्त होने के बाद ही दूसरा कार्य संपन्न हुआ, तब दोनों ही कार्यों के लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Examples-
1. खाने से पहले उसने अपना मुंह धोया।
He washed his mouth before he ate.
जब शिक्षक ने क्लास में प्रवेश किया, तब छात्र खड़े हो गए।
When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up.
जब कक्षा समाप्त हुई तब विधार्थी बाहर चले गए।
When the class ended, the students went out.
जब मैंने उससे बात की तो वह क्रोधित हो गया।
When I talked to him, he became angry.
जब मैंने उसे पीटा तब वह गाली देने लगा।
When I beat him, he began to abuse.
कमरे में प्रवेश करने से पहले उसने अपने जूते उतारे।
He took off his shoes before he entered the room.
Note- इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में प्रायः ‘When या Before’ Conjunction का प्रयोग किया जाता है, After का नहीं। ‘तो/तब’ के लिए केवल (,) लगाया जाता है।
Past Indefinite Tense Exercises in Hindi
(Hindi to English Translation Sentences)
Affirmative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Exercise 1
1. जब हम वहां पहुंचे, खेल शुरू हो चुका था।
2. जब तक हम वहां पहुंचे, वह केक काट चुका था।
3. हम खाना पहले ही खा चुके थे।
4. मैंने 7 बजे से पहले दवाई खा ली थी।
5. जब तुम आये तो मैं सैर को जा चुका था।
6. वह उससे पहले मिल चुका था।
7. वह अपना पाठ पहले ही याद कर चुका था।
8. वे पैसे जमा कर चुके थे।
9. तुम उस समय तक अपना होमवर्क पूरा कर चुके थे।
10. मैंने पहले ही नाश्ता कर लिया था।
11. संदीप ने हमेशा अपने मालिक की आज्ञा का पालन किया था।
12. अर्पिता पहले ही अपने स्कूल पहुंच चुकी थी।
Answers-
1. When we got there, the match had begun.
2. By the time we got there, he had cut the cake.
3. We had already taken our meals.
4. I had taken the medicine before 7 o’clock.
5. I had gone for a walk when you arrived.
6. He had met her before.
7. He had already learned his lesson.
8. They had submitted the amount.
9. You had finished your homework by that time.
10. I had already taken breakfast.
11. Sandeep had always obeyed his master.
12. Arpita had already reached her school.
Negative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Exercise 2
1. मेरे उठने से पहले सूर्य नहीं निकल चुका था।
2. मोहन ने मरने से पहले वसीयत नहीं लिखी थी।
3. मां ने कल तक खाना नहीं पकाया था।
4. मेरे कॉलेज पहुंचने से पहले मास्टर साहब ने हाजिरी नहीं ली थी।
5. मैंने पहले कभी शेर नहीं देखा था।
6. हमने इतना मोटा व्यक्ति पहले कभी नहीं देखा था।
7. हमने उस समय तक कोई तैयारी नहीं की थी।
8. मैंने वह कहानी कभी नहीं सुनी थी।
9.पुलिस के पहुंचने से पहले चोर नहीं भागा था।
10. वह बहुत थका हुआ था क्योंकि वह अच्छे से नहीं सोया था।
11. उस द्वीप पर जाने से पहले, मैंने इतना सुंदर सूरज डूबने का दृश्य कभी नहीं देखा था।
12. मेरे पास पैसे नहीं थे क्योंकि मेरा पर्स खो गया था।
Answers-
1. The sun had not risen before I got up.
2. Mohan had not written a will before he died.
3. The mother had not cooked the food till yesterday.
4. The teacher hadn’t taken attendance before I reached the college.
5. I had never seen a tiger before.
6. We had never seen such a fat person before.
7. You had not left before I arrived.
8. I had never heard that story.
9. We had not made any preparation till then.
10. He was very tired because he hadn’t slept well.
11. The thief had not run away before the police arrived.
11. I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I went to the island.
12. I didn’t have any cash because I had lost my purse.
Interrogative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Exercise 3
1. क्या उस समय तक जहाज़ बन्दरगाह छोड़ चुका था?
2. क्या निखिल पहले ही इस कहानी को पढ़ चुका था?
3.क्या हमने उसे पहले वचन दिया था?
4. वह पहले ही तुम्हें सब क्यों बता चुका था?
5. क्या मेरे पहुंचने से पहले गाड़ी सीटी दे चुकी थी?
6. वह पहले कहां रह चुका था?
7. क्या हमारे घर पहुंचने से पहले वर्षा थम चुकी थी?
8. क्या तुम पहले ही इस घटना के बारे में सुन चुके थे?
9. क्या कल तक वह आपको नहीं मिला था?
10. उसने किसके लिए नया घर खरीदा
11. क्या मैच पहले ही शुरू हो गया था?
12. क्या पलक ने शादी से पहले अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी कर ली थी?
Answers-
1. Had the ship left the harbor by that time?
2. Had Nikhil already read this story?
3. Had we promised him before?
4. Why had he already told you everything?
5. Had the train whistled before I arrived?
6. Where had he lived before?
7. Had the rain stopped before we reached home?
8. Had you already heard about this incident?
9. Had he not seen you till yesterday?
10. For whom had he purchased a new house?
11. Had the match already started?
12. Had Palak completed her studies before her marriage?
Negative Interrogative Sentences of Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
Exercise 4
1. क्या बारिश आने से पहले तुमने छाता नहीं खरीदा था?
2. क्या तुम घर आने के बाद नहाए नहीं थे?
3. उसने जॉब छोड़ने से पहले आपको सूचित क्यों नहीं किया था?
4. हार्दिक यहां क्यों नहीं आया था?
5. आपने वह नौकरी क्यों नहीं छोड़ी थी?
6. मेरे घर जाने से पहले तुम क्यों नहीं आए थे?
7. उसने तुम्हें आमंत्रित क्यों नहीं किया था?
8. क्या सूरज डूबने से पहले निखिल घर नहीं आ चुका था?
9. क्या मेरे सोने से पहले तुमने अखबार नहीं पढ़ा था?
10. तुमने अपने कपड़े खुद क्यों नहीं धोए थे?
11. वह पहले ही तुम्हारे पास क्यों नहीं आ चुका था?
12. वह शाम तक घर वापस क्यों नहीं लौटा था?
Answers-
1. Had you not bought an umbrella before it rained?
2. Didn’t you take a bath after you had come home?
3. Why had he not informed you before he left the job?
4. Why had Hardik not come here?
5. Why had you not left that job?
6. Why had you not come before I went home?
7. Why had he not invited you?
8. Had Nikhil not come home before sunset?
9. Had you not read the newspaper before I slept?
10. Why had you not washed your clothes yourself?
11. Why had he not already come to you?
12. Why hadn’t he returned home by evening?
Final Thought: आज के इस Article में हमने Past Perfect Tense क्या है, इसके वाक्य बनाने के नियम और इसे कब और किस प्रकार प्रयोग करना चाहिए, इन सबके बारे में जाना। आशा करते हैं यह पोस्ट आपके लिए ज्ञानवर्धक होगा।
Thanks for Reading.
ラブドールThe practical impact of your advice on [specific issue] was clear and impactful.Your suggestions were not only easy to understand but also actionable,
You rocked this subject and have astounding insights. I also work hard in putting together great content about SEO, feel free to visit Article Sphere
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Thank you for sharing such engaging and illustrative content.and I look forward to more of your engaging work.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
You need to be a part of a contest for one of the best blogs on the net.
I am going to recommend this web site!
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
The way you integrated various sources and expert opinions added great credibility to your arguments,presenting multiple viewpoints while clearly articulating your own.
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me? https://www.binance.com/join?ref=P9L9FQKY
I was excited to uncover this page.
I have to thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this website.
I was excited to uncover this page.
Good post. I’m going through some of these issues as well.
Thank you for your sharing. I am worried that I lack creative ideas. It is your article that makes me full of hope. Thank you. But, I have a question, can you help me?
Way cool! Some very valid points!
I blog quite often and I seriously appreciate your content.
I blog quite often and I seriously appreciate your content.
I blog quite often and I seriously appreciate your content.
Good post. I’m going through some of these issues as well.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Hello, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just curious if you get a lot of spam comments? If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can suggest? I get so much lately it’s driving me mad so any assistance is very much appreciated.
Hello. fantastic job. I did not anticipate this. This is a impressive story. Thanks!
Great post, you have pointed out some superb details , I besides believe this s a very superb website.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
I really like foregathering utile information , this post has got me even more info! .
I’ve been surfing online greater than 3 hours lately, but I by no means discovered any interesting article like yours. It?¦s pretty value enough for me. In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made good content material as you probably did, the net shall be a lot more useful than ever before.
Nice post. I learn something more challenging on different blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to read content from other writers and practice a little something from their store. I’d prefer to use some with the content on my blog whether you don’t mind. Natually I’ll give you a link on your web blog. Thanks for sharing.
Some really interesting details you have written.Aided me a lot, just what I was looking for : D.
I discovered your blog site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to keep up the very good operate. I just additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Seeking forward to reading more from you later on!…
I think this is among the most significant information for me. And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is wonderful, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Valuable info. Lucky me I found your website by accident, and I am shocked why this accident didn’t happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
I have been exploring for a little bit for any high-quality articles or weblog posts on this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I ultimately stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i am happy to show that I have a very good uncanny feeling I found out exactly what I needed. I such a lot unquestionably will make certain to don?¦t fail to remember this web site and provides it a look regularly.
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read something like this before. So nice to find somebody with some unique ideas on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up. this website is something that is wanted on the net, someone with a little originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the web!
Hmm it seems like your website ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any tips and hints for rookie blog writers? I’d definitely appreciate it.
Good write-up, I am regular visitor of one?¦s blog, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
Some truly interesting details you have written.Aided me a lot, just what I was searching for : D.
Great site! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am taking your feeds also.
Hey there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any suggestions?
I got what you intend, regards for posting.Woh I am glad to find this website through google.
After study a few of the blog posts on your website now, and I truly like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Pls check out my web site as well and let me know what you think.
I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this blog. Thank you, I will try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your website?
Just want to say your article is as surprising. The clarity in your post is simply cool and i could assume you are an expert on this subject. Well with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the rewarding work.
I’ve recently started a website, the information you provide on this site has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work.
Hi there very cool website!! Man .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your blog and take the feeds also…I am happy to find so many helpful info here within the submit, we need work out extra techniques in this regard, thank you for sharing.
Thanks for another excellent article. The place else may just anyone get that type of information in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m at the search for such info.
I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this site. Thanks, I?¦ll try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your website?
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Hello, you used to write magnificent, but the last several posts have been kinda boringK I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on!
I got what you mean , thanks for posting.Woh I am thankful to find this website through google.
I like what you guys are up too. Such intelligent work and reporting! Keep up the excellent works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website :).
I am glad to be a visitor of this staring website! , thankyou for this rare info ! .
I enjoy you because of all of your efforts on this web site. Debby loves getting into investigation and it’s really easy to see why. Most of us learn all about the powerful means you provide very helpful information on your blog and as well as inspire response from some others on that article plus our own girl has been understanding a great deal. Have fun with the rest of the new year. Your conducting a first class job.
Very instructive and excellent complex body part of subject matter, now that’s user genial (:.
Hello. splendid job. I did not imagine this. This is a remarkable story. Thanks!
Deference to website author, some fantastic entropy.
hi!,I love your writing so a lot! percentage we keep in touch extra approximately your post on AOL? I need an expert on this space to solve my problem. Maybe that’s you! Looking ahead to look you.
Excellent read, I just passed this onto a friend who was doing some research on that. And he actually bought me lunch as I found it for him smile Therefore let me rephrase that: Thank you for lunch!
I am forever thought about this, appreciate it for posting.
This blog is definitely rather handy since I’m at the moment creating an internet floral website – although I am only starting out therefore it’s really fairly small, nothing like this site. Can link to a few of the posts here as they are quite. Thanks much. Zoey Olsen
It’s appropriate time to make a few plans for the future and it is time to be happy. I have learn this post and if I could I want to counsel you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you can write subsequent articles relating to this article. I desire to read even more things about it!
I like what you guys are up too. Such clever work and reporting! Keep up the superb works guys I¦ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it will improve the value of my website 🙂
I do agree with all the ideas you’ve presented in your post. They’re really convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are very short for novices. Could you please extend them a bit from next time? Thanks for the post.
This really answered my problem, thank you!
Thank you for sharing with us, I think this website genuinely stands out : D.
After study a number of of the weblog posts on your web site now, and I truly like your method of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will likely be checking back soon. Pls check out my website online as well and let me know what you think.
Woh I love your content, saved to bookmarks! .
Hi there very nice website!! Guy .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds alsoKI’m satisfied to seek out numerous useful information right here within the put up, we need develop extra techniques on this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
Some really nice and utilitarian info on this site, too I conceive the layout contains fantastic features.
You have brought up a very wonderful points, thanks for the post.
I view something really special in this site.
fantastic publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the opposite experts of this sector do not realize this. You must continue your writing. I am sure, you have a great readers’ base already!
Great post, I think people should acquire a lot from this website its very user pleasant.
I’d perpetually want to be update on new content on this website , saved to fav! .
Enjoyed looking through this, very good stuff, thankyou.
I’m impressed, I have to say. Actually not often do I encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me inform you, you’ve gotten hit the nail on the head. Your thought is outstanding; the issue is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I stumbled throughout this in my search for one thing referring to this.
I have learn a few just right stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to make such a wonderful informative web site.
Its such as you read my mind! You appear to grasp so much about this, such as you wrote the guide in it or something. I believe that you could do with some p.c. to power the message house a little bit, but other than that, that is excellent blog. A fantastic read. I will definitely be back.
Enjoyed looking at this, very good stuff, regards.
I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I will add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
Enjoyed examining this, very good stuff, regards. “What the United States does best is to understand itself. What it does worst is understand others.” by Carlos Fuentes.
Its like you read my mind! You appear to know so much about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with a few pics to drive the message home a bit, but other than that, this is great blog. A fantastic read. I will certainly be back.