Conjunction and Examples- Part 3

This lesson will help you understand Correlative conjunctions (Conjunction and Examples- Part 3) in detail.

Correlative conjunctions- Conjunctions that are used in pairs are called ‘Correlative conjunctions’ or merely ‘Correlatives’. These are used to correlate or join two words, phrases, or clauses that have equal importance in a sentence. For example- although…yet, either…or, neither…nor, both…and, not only…but also, etc.

Here are the most common Correlative conjunctions in English:

Either…or

Neither…nor

Both…and

Not only…but also

Whether…or

Such …that

So…that

Such…as

No sooner…than

Scarcely/ Hardly… when

Would rather…than

As…as

So…as

Although/ Though…yet

Lest… should

Between…….and

Nothing else….but

Examples of Correlative conjunctions:

You can either stay here or come with us.

He neither came nor called.

I like both coffee and tea.

Eat well lest you should fall ill.

Both her sister and her brother will attend the event.

He is not only a good teacher but also a good man.

I had no sooner finished my studies than I got a job.

Scarcely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang.

Note- These Correlative conjunctions are sitting at the distance and connecting two equal elements. Let’s understand all the Correlative conjunctions one by one.

Either…or

 It is used to present two options. It shows that one of the given two alternatives is to be considered.

Examples-

You can either take it or leave it.

She will either visit you today or call you tomorrow.

Either her sister or her brother will attend the event.

Hardik eats either rice or chowmein for dinner.

Either Seema or her friends are greengrocers.

They can either eat at home or go to the restaurant.

Tell me either the whole story or a part of it.

I will finish my work either today or tomorrow.

Either he or his brother was informed about the venue of the meeting of our society.

She told her father that she wanted either a scooty or a laptop on her birthday.

Note- It joins words of the same rank.

Either the action was right or wrong. ×××

The action was either right or wrong. ✓✓✓

Note- Nearest subject के according verb प्रयोग की जाती है either-or तथा neither-nor के case में।

Either the teachers or the principal always comes late.

Neither…nor

It negates both alternatives.

Examples-

I like neither coffee nor tea.

He neither laughed nor wept.

Neither the car nor the bicycle is working.

Neither Rohit nor Shekhar was present.

Your books are neither on the table nor inside the bookcase.

Neither does he call nor does he message.

He has harmed neither you nor me.

Neither he nor his brother knew the address of the school.

Neither Rajeev nor Aman is interested in the project.

Neither the drought nor the famine dampened their spirits.

Note- neither… nor के sentences में  ‘not’ का use नहीं होगा क्योंकि neither…nor खुद में ही negative है।

I don’t want to go neither to school nor to market. ×××

I want to go neither to school nor to market. ✓✓✓

Note-Take inversion when it comes at the beginning of the sentence and joins two clauses.

1. Neither he smokes nor he drinks. ×××

Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. ✓✓✓

He neither smokes nor drinks. ✓✓✓

2. Neither he comes nor he writes. ×××

Neither does he come nor does he write. ✓✓✓ (formal)

He neither comes nor writes. ✓✓✓(informal)

Note- Verb with ‘neither-nor’ will either be singular or it will match the nearest subject.

Neither the cat nor the dogs are in the garden.

Neither he nor his friends have gone there yet.

Has neither he nor his friends gone there yet?

Note-  It joins same rank words. (neither के बाद verb है तो nor के बाद भी verb होनी चाहिए।)

He has neither harmed you nor me. ×××

He has harmed neither you nor me. ✓✓✓

He neither visited Jaipur nor Udaipur. ×××

He visited neither Jaipur nor Udaipur. ✓✓✓

Both…and

It emphasizes two related ideas equally without implying surprise.

Examples-

The boy is both intelligent and smart.

Dheeraj spoke both fluently and clearly.

He likes to play both football and basketball.

Both lions and wolves are carnivorous.

The vehicle is both affordable and comfortable.

For me, both reading and writing are equally enjoyable.

Both his father and mine (my father) are government servants.

Note- both के साथ कभी भी as well as नहीं आता है।

Both India as well as China have nuclear weapons. ×××

He is both a writer as well as teacher. ×××

Note- ‘both’ के साथ कभी भी ‘not’ को नहीं लगाया जाता। इसके बजाय neither…nor का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Both India and China have nuclear weapons. ✓✓✓

Both India and China don’t have nuclear weapons. ×××

Neither India nor China has nuclear weapons. ✓✓✓

Note- It joins words of the same rank.

The films were both enjoyable to watch and to discuss. ×××

The films were enjoyable both to watch and to discuss. ✓✓✓

He is both a writer and teacher. ✓✓✓

Note- इस sentence में teacher के साथ ‘a’ नहीं लगेगा क्योंकि बात एक ही इंसान की हो रही है। वही इंसान teacher है वही writer है इसलिए जब एक इंसान दो functions करता है तब पहले वाले noun के साथ article लगाया जाता है, दूसरे वाले noun के साथ नहीं।

Not only…but also

This conjunction pair emphasizes two related ideas with a sense of surprise or importance.

Examples-

The car is not only affordable but also comfortable.

I informed not only Rani but also her sister about the picnic.

He is not only the manager but also my friend.

He can speak not only English but also Punjabi.

He has given you not only a pen but also a pencil.

We should obey not only our parents but also traffic rules.

Not only Deepak but also Neha participated in the poetry recitation.

He is known not only for his wisdom but also for his diligence.

He is not only anxious to acquire knowledge but also eager to display it.

Note- जरूरी नहीं कि but also हमेशा इकट्ठा ही आए, ये अलग-अलग भी आ सकते है एक ही sentence में।

Not only Deepak but also his friends were present./

Not only Deepak but his friends were also present.

Not only did he finish the project on time, but he also exceeded expectations.

Not only has he built a hospital for the poor but he has also built an orphanage for orphans.

Note- It joins words of the same rank.

He not only believes in hard work but also in honesty of the highest order. ×××

He believes not only in hard work but also in honesty of the highest order. ✓✓✓

Mr. Gupta not only stopped coming here but also going to other places. ×××

Note- इस sentence में comparison coming का going से हो रहा है।

Mr. Gupta stopped not only coming here but also going to other places. ✓✓✓

He not only opened a hospital but also an orphanage. ×××

He opened not only a hospital but also an orphanage. ✓✓✓

Note- Either… or, Neither…nor, Not only…but also, Both…and- These Correlative conjunctions join same rank words as these are made of coordinate conjunctions.

Whether…or

It presents a choice or a doubt between two possibilities.

Examples-

I do not care whether you stay or leave.

He must do it whether he likes it or not.

Whether you help us or leave us is your choice.

He didn’t know whether people would come or not.

You will have to go to school whether you like it or not.

We have no idea whether he goes there or somewhere else.

I will have to take the medicine whether I like it or not.

Whether you agree or disagree, the decision is final.

I didn’t understand whether she was crying or laughing.

You have to learn all the lessons whether you are interested or not.

Such …that/So…that

Both tell the effect/result/ consequence

Such+ a/an +(adjective)+ noun+that

So+ adjective/adverb+that

Examples-

He is such a naughty boy that nobody likes him.

He is so naughty that nobody likes him.

He is such naughty a boy  that nobody likes him. ×××

He is so naughty a boy that nobody likes him. ✓✓✓

Note- ‘so’ के तुरंत बाद adjective आता है, such के बाद नहीं।

Such के तुरंत बाद a/an+(adj.)+noun आता है।

He is such a brilliant boy that everyone admires him.

He is so brilliant a boy that everyone admires him.

This is such a complicated problem that cannot be solved by anyone.

The problem is so complicated that nobody can solve it.

Some more examples of such…that

He is such a coward that everybody dislikes him.

(Coward-noun, cowardly-adjective)

She made such a big mistake that she lost her job.

She behaves in such a rude manner that nobody likes her.

It was such a cold afternoon that we stopped playing.

The boy asked such an illogical question that everybody laughed at him.

It was such an interesting book that I read it in one sitting.

The man spoke with such a passion that all listeners were moved to tears.

Animals are such agreeable friends that they never betray you.

Note- ‘Such’ is followed by a noun.

Some more examples of so…that

(‘So’ is followed by an adjective or an adverb.)

He is so poor that he can’t buy even a bicycle.

He felt so angry that he threw all the stuff away.

She was so tired that she fell asleep instantly.

He works so hard that he deserves a break.

The questions were so easy that I was able to answer them.

He walked so quickly that he reached the school on time.

He is so clever that he can learn multiple languages at a single time.

The student was so happy that he forgot to take his documents.

Note- ‘so’ एक adverb होती है जो intensity बढ़ाने का काम करती है।

Note- so और that को जब sentence में अलग-अलग तोड़ कर लिखा जाता है तब ये result बताते हैं। इस दशा में  ‘so’ adverb का और ‘that’ conjunction का कार्य करता है।

Such…as(relative pronoun) ( जो, जैसा, जिसने, जिसको)

Note- Such के साथ as का प्रयोग तभी होगा जब as से पहले कोई noun/pronoun दिया गया होगा क्योंकि अगर ‘as’ relative pronoun का कार्य कर रहा है तो उससे पहले किसी noun/pronoun का होना आवश्यक है जिसको वो relate कर सके।

This is not such a major problem as cannot be solved with a little effort.

She made such a big mistake as was unprecedented.

I don’t like such students as post unnecessary comments during the class.

Note-1. यहां ‘as’ एक relative pronoun+subject का कार्य कर रहा है जबकि ‘that’ कभी भी एक subject का कार्य नहीं कर सकता।

‘Such’ के साथ अगर relative pronoun की requirement है तो हमेशा ‘as’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ‘as’ भी एक relative pronoun की तरह कार्य कर सकता है लेकिन सिर्फ ‘such’ के साथ।

Note- such as का प्रयोग जब एक साथ किया जाता है तब ये examples show करते हैं।

Such as- examples

We were discussing topics such as weather, sports, and politics.

No sooner…than

No sooner- than is used in the situations where the second event occurs immediately after the first.

Examples-

No sooner had I reached than they both came.

No sooner had the movie started than electricity failed.

He had no sooner finished his work than he went to bed.

The train had no sooner started than it broke down.

No sooner had I arrived at the airport than the airplane took off.

No sooner did the leader begin his speech than the crowd started shouting slogans.

No sooner had he finished one call than he started the next.

No sooner had the teacher entered the room than the boys rushed to their seats.

No sooner had the train arrived at the station than the passengers rushed towards it.

No sooner had he solved the riddle than he was applauded.

Note: 1. It is a negative correlative conjunction.

2. Take inversion when it comes at the beginning of the sentence and joins two clauses.

Scarcely/ Hardly… when (मुश्किल से/ ज्यों ही)

Scarcely/Hardly…when is used to denote simultaneous actions.

We use ‘when’ with scarcely and hardly.

Examples-

Scarcely had Vinay closed the door when the doorbell started ringing.

Hardly had I reached Jaipur when my brother called me back to Delhi.

Scarcely had they reached the stage when the crowd started screaming.

Hardly had the conductor blown the whistle when the driver started the bus.

Scarcely had he finished reading when he fell asleep.

Scarcely had she finished studying when she started other project.

Scarcely had he asked the question when Anna slapped him.

Barely had he bought the car before it was stolen.

Hardly does the sun rise when he wakes up.

Hardly had I left the house when it began to rain.

Note-Hardly, scarcely and barely are negative words.

Do not use ‘not, no never’ with the clause containing these words.

If a sentence starts with a negative word, use inversion form i.e. helping verb before the subject.

Would rather…than

It can be used to join two verb phrases.

Examples-

I would rather stay at home than be at the wedding ceremony.

I would rather have the bat than the ball.

I would rather go out than stay at home today.

As…as

The structure as…as is used to compare things that are of similar proportion.

It is used for comparison in positive as well as negative sentences.

So…as

For comparison in negative sentences

Examples-

She is as intelligent as I am.

Monika taught as much as Reena did.

I listened as much as you spoke.

I wrote as much as you told me to write.

Deepak spoke as much as Rahul did.

Ravi is not so intelligent as Shiva.

He is not so tall as I am.

Reena did not speak so much as Saurabh did.

Meena is not so courageous as Sonali.

He was not so well versed in English as we had expected.

She is as beautiful as her mother.

Mars is as big a planet as the Earth (is).

Note- as…as/so…as के साथ हमेशा positive degree का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

He is as wiser as his brother. ×××

He is as wise as his brother. ✓✓✓

These days job opportunities are not as better as they used to be before. ×××

These days job opportunities are not as good as they used to be before. ✓✓✓

She ran as faster as she could. ×××

faster- comparative degree of adverb

She ran as fast as she could. ✓✓✓

fast- positive degree of adverb

He is as wiser as Solomon. ×××

wiser- comparative degree of adjective

He is as wise as Solomon. ✓✓✓

wise- positive degree of adjective

He is as fast as his brother. (Here fast.. adjective)

He walks as fast as his brother does. (Here fast- adverb)

He walks as slowly as his brother does. (Here slowly- adverb)

He walked as quick as his brother. ×××

Note-इस sentence में चूंकि walk एक verb है, इसलिए इसकी विशेषता बताने वाला adverb use किया जाएगा जबकि ‘quick’ एक adjective है।

He walked as quickly as his brother (did).

He is as quick as his brother.

Note- इस sentence में quick (as an adjective) सही है क्योंकि ये ‘he’ की विशेषता बता रहा है।

He is as good as you.

He is not as good as you.

Note- so-as का प्रयोग negative sentences में ही किया जाता है, positive में नहीं।

He is as tall as his younger brother.

He is not as tall as his younger brother.

He is not so tall as his younger brother.

He is so respectful as his father. ×××

He is as respectful as his father. ✓✓✓

Note- so-as का प्रयोग positive sentences में नहीं किया जा सकता।

इस sentence को हम ऐसे भी correct कर सकते है-

He is not so respectful as his father.

परंतु इस तरह ‘not’ लगाने से sentence का meaning change हो रहा है और हम किसी भी कीमत पर sentence का meaning change नहीं कर सकते।

He is as wise, if not wiser than his brother. ×××

He is as wise as, if not wiser than his brother. ✓✓✓

Note- एक ‘as’ से कभी comparison नहीं होता। Comparison के लिए as…as या so…as का जोड़ा होना जरूरी है।

(अगर वह भाई से ज्यादा समझदार नहीं है पर भाई की तरह बुद्धिमान है।)

He is as wise as, if not more wiser than his brother. ×××

He is as wise as, if not wiser than his brother. ✓✓✓

Note- दो-दो comparative degrees एक साथ use नहीं की जा सकती।

The first ‘as’ acts as an adverb modifying the adjective or adverb that goes after it. The second ‘as’ can act as a conjunction.

Note- 1. as…as या so…as वाले sentences में comparison adjective या adverb का होता है।

2. Comparison as..as / so…as के अलावा than का प्रयोग करके भी किया जा सकता है। as..as/so…as के साथ positive degree का प्रयोग किया जाता है जबकि than के साथ comparative degree का।

Although/ Though…yet

Although/Though……Yet- This is used to link ideas expressing concession or contrary fact.

Although/ Though is followed by yet or a comma(,).

Examples-

Although/Though he is well off yet he is greedy.

Although she was tired yet she continued working.

Although he is my friend yet he doesn’t help me.

Although he is very rich yet he always behaves like a miser.

Although she was responsible for the accident yet nobody blamed her.

Although he studied really hard yet he couldn’t crack the exam.

Although he is a small child yet he is very knowledgeable.

Though the roads were very bad yet he managed to reach the city before midnight.

Although these books are costly yet the students buy them because these are useful.

Note- Never use ‘but’ as a pair with although/though.

Lest… should (ऐसा ना हो जाए………….कि/ ताकि……….ना)

‘Lest’ means to prevent something undesirable from happening or ‘for fear that’.

Lest is paired with ‘should’ to indicate possibility or precaution.

Examples-

Walk properly lest you should fail

Carry the umbrella lest you should get wet.

Don’t touch your dress lest you should spoil it.

Don’t go there lest he should scold you.

He hid the letter lest she should find it.

Make haste lest you should miss the train.

Write down the address lest you should forget.

Practice for it lest you should lose the competition.

Note-  ‘Lest’ already conveys the negative sense, so don’t use not, never, or no with it.

Lest is followed by should or the first form of a verb.

Work hard lest you would not fail. ×××

Work hard lest you should fail. ✓✓✓

Work hard lest you fail. ✓✓✓

She spoke softly lest she should not wake the baby. ×××

She spoke softly lest she should wake the baby. ✓✓✓

Lest… should+ bare infinitive

He should drive faster lest he miss the train.

Work harder lest you fail your exam.

She hurried up lest she be late.

Walk properly lest you fall.

Between…….and

Between is followed by ‘and’.

Examples-

He asked me where I was between 10 pm and 11 pm.

You will have to choose between good and bad.

There are many rivers and mountains between India and China.

Nothing else….but

It connects two elements and shows how they relate to one another.

I want nothing else but the safety of my children.

He wanted nothing else but to go home.

She desired nothing else but success.

Conclusion:

We hope that you liked this article, and with the help of this article you would have been very helpful to understand Correlative Conjunctions (Conjunction and Examples-Part 3) . If you have any questions in your mind, you can ask us in the comment below. Do share this article with your friends on social media.

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